One Stair Up Analysis Essays

One Stair Up Analysis Essays One Stair Up Analysis Essay One Stair Up Analysis Essay Stylistic Analysis of the Text ONE STAIR UP By C. Nairne Nairne Campbell is a Scottish novelist, the author of two books One Stair Up (1932) and Stony Ground (1934), who wrote about Scottish working class families in a realistic manner. The extract from the book â€Å"One Stair Up† by C. Nairne depicts the man and woman who visited a cinema and had different views on the film that they had seen due to their diverse perception. There is also a description of the cinema-world as a pastime of the people from working class. The composition falls in three parts: the way to Rosa and Andrew’s dress circle as a plot, the common expression of the audience about the film and a comic performance as a sequence of events and the characters’ short discussion of the show as a denouement. The type of presentation is author’s narrative. Narrative proper is the narrative compositional form. The vocabulary consists of the neutral words, some colloquials due to the dialogues (e. . : swell kid, chap, chap, hot stuff, cackling, cos, gee, big picture), dialect word Och, barbarisms such as corridor, silhouette, also bookish words such as emerged, glanced, admitted, glared, acquaintances, voluptuous, contemptuous, etc. There are many compound words tea-spoon, bulls-eye, dress . circle, background, pot-plants, rapid-fire, heart-searing, heart-throbs, thrill-thirsty, heart-string, water-butt, mix-up, hard-worked. Author also uses some word-combinations and phrases sink into stillness, be unaccustomed to smth, to be too funny for words, to be cut short, moved by pity, to put up with which are direct and indirect in meaning to make the vocabulary more impressive. There are short, one-member and interrupted sentences (â€Å"This a comedy? † â€Å"But if you dont like it - â€Å" ) usually used in dialogues to underline the colloquial character. Onomatopoeia – cackling, whirring, murmur; framing – you couldnt see anybody else, and they couldnt see you; repetition – expanded and expanded, anaphora – It It It was It was It was ; inversion – What a baby he is ; allusion – Peter Pan, Minnie Haha; simile – carpet of some green material that yielded like springing turf; epithets: voluptuous stillness, rapid-fire drama, heart-searing tale, thrill-thirsty young bloods, hot darkness; metaphors: young blood, hot stuff, region of luxury, shower of stars, metonymy: audience got up and pushed out to the exits; synecdoche: faces glared at them, faces moved together. The author’s style is florid, over-abused of epithets, emotional, emotive, sometimes energetic, sometimes pathetic. He uses protagonists stream of consciousness to depict the characters. He doesn’t judge the figures by himself, but deliberately by the vivid description of their actions. C. Nairne wanted to show the conflict in society of that time through Rosa who desired to be one step up the other people, but indeed was the same girl from the working-class family in Edinburg.

General Rules for Having a Pet in College

General Rules for Having a Pet in College For some students, daily life involves being around a pet or pets. At college, however, animals usually arent allowed. So is it possible to have a pet in college? You Have a Few Options Those college students interested in having a pet in college have a few options. Mostly, however, pets are not allowed in places like residence halls - or even on campus - for a variety of reasons. Your campus is likely not trying to be cruel; they simply have to worry about issues of safety and regulations about hygiene that they are required to comply with. First and foremost, there are in fact some schools that allow pets on campus. These are the exceptions to the rule, however, and picking a school based on their pet policy may not be the  best choice. Additionally, even if your school of choice doesnt allow pets on campus, you can always rent a house with some friends or find an off-campus apartment that permits pets. Service Animals If youre a student who needs an animal with you for medical reasons (such as a service dog, for example), however, you should contact your school right away. Letting your college know that you need assistance - both from them and your service animal - as soon as possible is definitely of high importance. They should work with you to figure out a way to support you and your service animal during your time in school. Incorporating Animals Into Your College Life If, however, you would strongly just prefer to have a pet as part of your experience, there are some ways you can incorporate animals into your new college life: See whats allowed in your living space. Alright, so you cant bring along a dog or cat. But can you bring a fish or other small animal? Are there certain animals that are allowed, and if so, what are the regulations? Are there certain theme houses that allow their residents to bring pets with them?Can your family bring up your family pet for a visit? Lets say your family comes up the first Sunday of the month to take you out to brunch. Can they bring your family dog in the car for a quick visit? Are dogs allowed to walk on campus if theyre leashed? Will a monthly or occasional visit from your pet suffice?Consider volunteering at a shelter. If you just love - and even need - to be around animals but cant have one with you on campus, consider volunteering at a local animal shelter. You have a lot of love and patience to give and there are always animals in need. Check with your campus volunteer center, do some quick searching online, or even start your own campus group to help make re gular volunteer sessions at a shelter a reality. Keep in mind, too, that when you go to college, it will be nearly impossible to recreate the life you had back at home. And thats part of the fun, right? If, deep down, you wanted things to be the same, you wouldnt have decided to go off to college in the first place. Be flexible in understanding that there sometimes is only so much your school can do. They might very well be limited about having pets in the residence halls, for example, because of city and county health regulations. Check in with your pet(s) during a Skype session with your parents and know that your pet(s) will be just as excited to see you as you will be to see them when you next return home.

Case study11 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Case study11 - Essay Example Audubon Park Zoo's promotions on support and awareness were directed by the Friends of the Zoo, Incorporated. Involved in the funding, operating and governing the zoo, it became the Audubon Institute taking the major share of the administrative functions in the zoo. The Audubon Zoo promotes membership to ensure cash flow. Membership fees significantly augment the income of the zoo along with the admissions and food and gift operations. The self-sustaining operations of the zoo can be linked to its good organizational structure and design. From having conditions in the early 1970's like "animal ghetto", "the New Orleans antiquarium" and "animal concentration camp", the Audubon Zoo had its share of improvement and development plans until its accreditation and was ranked as one of the top three zoos of its size in America. This organization underwent a series of metamorphosis due to lattice organization and core principles. The Audubon Zoo has a dominant horizontal organizational structure designed for learning in which there is shared tasks empowerment, relaxed hierarchy, few rules, face-to-face communication, many teams and task forces and decentralized decision-making. The Friends of the Zoo, Incorporated (FOTZ) turned Audubon Institute has its mission statement anchored on earth's life preservation through awareness and appreciation. Natural world's conservation and enrichment are also part of the mission. It was formed in 1974 for the purpose of increasing support and awareness of the Audubon Park Zoo. This simple task however logically changed as more needs arose due to the zoo's dramatic transformation. From just drawing interest and commitment from the public, the FOTZ were now involved in funding, operating and governing the zoo. At present, the Institute's goals gear toward conservation, education, research, economics and leadership. 1.1.2 Horizontal Information Linkages Horizontal information linkages refer to the amount of communication and coordination among an organization (Daft, 2004). The Audubon Park Zoo's organization as populated by FOTZ members, volunteers, zoo parents, city public, local enterprises, local television companies, city officials, neighborhood, etc. has highly encouraged communication and coordination everywhere in its organization. Such varied and loosely organized groups pose direct and indirect lines of communication between person to person and within and among groups. The advantage of the open lines of communication is improving the quality and efficiency of communication. 1.1.3 External Environment Environmental uncertainty increases

Inflation and Real Rates of Return Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Inflation and Real Rates of Return - Essay Example Real interest rates can be positive as well as negative. A positive real interest rate indicates that the purchasing power of the individual is increasing while a negative interest rate shows that the purchasing power of the individual is decreasing if the individual invests at the nominal rate. From the calculations above, it can be understood that at the current level of inflation, if a person invests in 1-year Certificate of Deposits, he will end up with less purchasing power. It can be analysed in such a way that a higher inflation rate than the nominal interest rate means that the purchasing power is decreasing at a faster rate than the rate of return of the investment. 2. Duration (Bonds) a. Frederick Macaulay developed a method to measure the interest rate risk of a bond and called it Macaulay Duration. He felt that duration is a better â€Å"measure of the bond’s worth than its time to maturity because duration considers both the repayment of capital at maturity and t he size and timing of coupon payments before maturity† (Macaulay Duration). Macaulay Duration is the weighted average term to maturity of the cash flows from a bond. The weight of each cash flow is determined by dividing the present value of the cash flow by the price (Macaulay Duration Definition). Duration measures a bond’s price sensitivity to interest rate changes. ... Calculating V-: I/Y= 9% V- = $92.406 Calculating V+: I/Y= 11% V+ = $87.781 3. Price-Earnings Ratio a. False. The PE ratio is equal to the market price of the share divided by the earnings per share (EPS). If we are using the dividend discount model to estimate the share price, a higher beta would lead to a higher required rate of return. This would decrease the share price and as a result the PE ratio will decrease. b. True. The PE ratio tells us how much an investor is willing to pay for $1 of a company’s earnings. If the net income of a company is good then the investors will be willing to pay more for a dollar earned. The ROE is equal to the net income divided by the average shareholders’ equity. A higher net income means a higher ROE. c. False. If we are using the dividend discount model to estimate the share price, higher dividends will result in a higher share price. Higher share price will increase the PE ratio. When the plowback rate is higher the dividends will be lower. 4. Book Value a. The market to book value signifies how many times a company’s stock is operating per share compare to the company’s book value per share. The organization’s book value reflect historic costs, hence this ratio is significant in indicating the management’s success in adding value for its shareholders in case of the market value being higher than the book value. A high price to book value ratio means that shareholders expect the management of the company to create more value with the given level of assets. b. Common shareholders’ equity = (20,000 x 20) + 5,000,000 + 70,000 Common shareholders’ equity = $5,470,000 Book value per share = Common shareholders’ equity / Number of common shares outstanding Book value per share = 5,470,000 /

Cultures in the World Essay Example for Free

Cultures in the World Essay To define culture is not easy because culture means different things to different people. Hence there many definitions of culture as there are many different cultures in the World. Anthropologists define culture as social behaviour of human beings. To others dance, music, theatre, artifacts and fashion constitute culture. On the other hand, fashion is a style characteristic of the social elite and is mainly associated with social class and is highly dynamic. Hence fashion should be in current mode for instance a garment. Fashion, style, vogue or even mode are used interchangeably to refer to a preferred type of dress, behaviour, adornment or a way of life at a given time span. In broadest terms fashion usually refers to conventions which are generally accepted by a society or by any culture or even a subculture. Style like mode often stresses the adherence to standards and elegance and should be socially accepted. For instance miniskirts were the mode in the late sixties. Vogue is applied to style or fashion that prevails widely but often suggests enthusiastic but short lived acceptance (The American heritage 2003). Wilson, further states that fashion is always in a continual change and sets the terms for all sartorial behaviour (Wilson 2003). The importance of fashion can never be overemphasized in the current world since fashion now is always around us from media to our daily lives in clothing and even automobile sector. Let it be clearly noted that fashion is for aesthetic as well as societal class, elegance and modesty. In the current years fashion has become a major factor affecting the psychosocial wellbeing of major cultures and subcultures in the world. This influences the life of people both in style and preferences and their economical sphere. The growth of fashion is linked with the development of cities and urban centres in the 14th century and the growing sophistication of the courts. But it is only in 15th and 16th centuries when people developed the culture of fashion and class such that they felt shameful to wear outdated clothes (Wilson 2003). The entrance of fashion led to increased spending on clothes and a clear cut class differences. The rise of bourgeoisie became so much crucial in the development of fashion and style. The poorest class received the cheapest clothing with the people in the highest level in class ladder wearing the most expensive clothes. With the rise of Industrial revolution came capitalism hence new markets for clothes in fashion and fashion became more and more important with the circulation of images in mass communication. GENDER AND FASHION In the current contemporary world, fashion has become the order of the day. Media houses and world class beauty and model centres have been developed all over the world especially in Europe and U. S. A. However, unlike the past where fashion was associated with female, this industry welcomes both genders nowadays. But because of the past skewed interest of ladies in the industry they are still the major players. Nevertheless, almost every one in the current society setting especially in urban areas appreciates fashion and style and is a product of the same in one way or another. People are more conscious when it comes to fashion and no one is willing to be left behind in the outdated world hence consumption of these fashion products has tremendously risen. ‘Dress is a practical negotiation between the fashion system, the social conditions of everyday life such as class and gender as well as rules or norm governing particular social situations. The outcome of this complex interaction cannot be known in advance precisely because the habitus will improvise and adapt to these conditions’. Thus dress is a personal attempt to orientate ourselves to particular circumstances and thus recognise the structural influences of the social world and the individual on the other (Entwistle 2000) FASHION AND MODERNITY Fashion has kept pace with modern life. It has followed every step the global world is making and is by itself part and parcel of the globalised world. From North to South, West to East fashion is seen to influence the global ways of life. However, this is bringing about similarity and extinction of cultures since fashion and culture are linked and the change of one leads to change of the other. Since fashion is dynamic it follows that the fashion of yester years is different from the fashion of today hence today’s fashion is new and can be termed as modern. Modern fashion has greatly been affected by the present technological advancement and the entrance of new marketing approach. For example, the use of internet has revolutionized this industry. It is not a wonder therefore what is considered modern in London today is even being used the following day in Washington. This has promoted customized fashion products to promote what many fashion stars look for in fashion; uniqueness and class. Fashion and style industry has in the recent decades been well established with increased sales as many people go for class and fashion. Also, the quality of the products has greatly developed thus fashion has become our way of life. FASHION, SUBCULTURAL YOUTH STYLES It is important to distinguish between the concept of youth culture and youth subcultures. In general terms youth culture is more homogenous, doing similar things and being treated in the same way playing down aspects of differentiation. This idea was much popular with U. S sociologists in early 1960s. In modern youth culture emphasis is more on subcultures. Unlike the 20th c where fashion was highly linked with class, in 21st c the line of demarcation has narrowed and the mode of classification is not only on class lines but across a wide plane of social and cultural identities. Hence the youth even in ghettos are coming up with their modes of fashion. The issue of subcultures within the large framework of culture in a society is a major phenomenon. Hence these subcultures act as the seed bed for fashion that is embraced by the larger society. The link between class and identity is far less apparent in the 20th c, in particular since high fashion is democratised and not longer the prerogative of a small elite. In contemporary culture distinction does not run along class lines alone but across a wide plane of social identities. Thus, rather than being only imposed from the top, fashion is also ‘bubbling up’ from the street and youth cultures (Entwistle 2000). The use of style brings across clear identity within the youth and serves to sometimes oppose dominant values within the society. Youth tend to solve their problems of culture and fashion in their own unique understandable way hence they act against the main stream fashions of the old. However their fashions and style are dominantly affected by the media and celebrities entertainment industry. Fashion trends brought forward by top musicians come fast and go quickly. These fashions and styles linked with subcultures are known to be diverse as the youth are dynamic. Therefore the rate of change of any fashion within a subculture is higher than in the dominant cultures. The youth also customise fashions by either adding or removing some parts from the original fashion to create a different identity. And for sure youth have revolutionised the world of fashion and culture, in the contemporary world. Therefore fashion is regarded as a mode of identity by the youth and serves as the avenue through which the youth express themselves. EFFECTS OF FASHION ON CONSUMERISM The cycle of fashion in the modern times has been found to influence the level of consumerism in the current world. Fashion is fueled by change and conversion. Designers always persuade their customers that their new fashions are everything they need. In the next season the same designers convince their customers to bade farewell to outdated designs and instead embrace the new trends in their latest collections. Western societys culture of mass consumerism has widely been influenced by the fashion cycle. Sociologist Stella C. (1993) likens fashion cycle with the rolling waves of the sea. As one fashion gains popularity and is outdated another style is gaining momentum and this change our modern culture. Today’s fashion is not only placed on the contest of youth, sexuality and historicism, but also previous culture movements and shows fashion reflects its surrounding, its subjects but ultimately itself. FASHION AND CLASS Fashion is known to influence lifestyle and how people relate within the society. However this relationship is both on the individual and societal levels. Fashion is a product of class division since many people want to be seen in a unique way within any given society and societies also show their class differences using fashion hence affecting the culture of present societies. CONCLUSION It is true that fashion and culture are highly interlinked. A culture that appreciates fashion is a culture that is dynamic and ready to follow where its fashion leads it to. Modern culture is hinged on the fashion of each passing day and unlike the past psychosocial behaviour is influenced by fashion on a larger scale. Youth subcultures promote their own form of fashion which may be interlinked with fashions within the larger sphere of culture. These fashions serve to show their rebellious identity. The cycle of fashion has seen unnecessary changes of fashion due to designers who look forward to make profits and are out to change fashions as quickly as practicably possible. Hence the world is supposed to be aware of these uncalled changes in fashions. Unethical issues are also related to fashion and culture. Therefore, some people see it like their religious and spiritual beliefs are affected by fashion. However on a global perspective fashion has promoted the entrance of more products in the world market leading to increased competitiveness. Modern global culture is a mirror of fashion and design. REFERENCES Bruzzi Stella, and Patricia Gibson, 2000, Fashion Cultures: Theories, Explorations, and Analysis. London; New York: Routledge. Craik, Jennifer, 1993, The Face of Fashion: Cultural Studies in Fashion. London; New York: Routledge. Entwistle, J. 2000, The Fashioned Body: Fashion, Dress and Modern Social Theory. Cambridge: Polity Press. Malossi, G. 2000, Material Man: Masculinity, Sexuality, Style. New York: H. N. Abrams. The American Heritage, 2003, Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition by Houghton Mifflin Company. U. S. A.

Northern Sung Dynasty: Landscape Painting Influences Essay -- Art Hist

" This was the standard, which lasted until the Tang dynasty (618-907). During the Five Dynasties (907-960), between the ninth and tenth centuries, the trend of using ink to express ideas slowly took over the use of colors in the mainstream of Chinese landscape paintings. In other words, the tradition of using colors and the use of ink each lasted for one thousand years. Yet the emphasis on using colors actually lasted a little longer. This is because the tradition of color painting did not end even during the height of monochrome ink painting. While colors form the central elements in Tang paintings, beginning in the Five Dynasties period, ink played a dominant role. During the Song dynasty (960-1279), colors became important for a short period during the end of the Northern Song (960-1127). Usami notes that all paintings require forms. In the history of the Chinese theory of painting, however, the principal focus was a concern not with form, but with 'something beyond form'. (Usami, 1998) Chinese thinkers generally conceived of form in terms of a process of 'becoming solid'. But in the artistic production of 'chaotic forms', Chinese painting actually came more closely to resemble the processes of creation and change in nature. Thus painters themselves offered a visual interpretation of the creative act that differed radically from that formulated in the philosophical discourse of concepts and words. Mi Fu a southern Song Literati painter however, interpreted the phrase 'bamboo in mind' as a statement concerned solely with that, which existed in the mind. The form achieved in the painting thus came to be understood not as derived from the real world, but as originating from within the painter. This liberation of form from an ... ...ly Chinese Landscape Painting, (Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies) , Vol. 18, No. 3/4 (Dec., 1955), pp. 422-446, Harvard-Yenching Institute http://www.jstor.org/stable/2718439 Sullivan, Michael. â€Å"The Arts of China† Berkeley : University of California Press. 2008 5th ed. Sullivan, Michael. â€Å"Chinese landscape Painting† Berkeley: University of California Press,1980 Usami, Bunri, â€Å"A summary of "The Problem of Form in Song Dynasty Theories of Painting" (Faculty of ArtsShinshu University) Bulletin of the Sinological Society of Japan No.50, 1998 *Usami, Bunri â€Å"A summary of "The Problem of Form in Song Dynasty Theories of Painting" (Faculty of Arts, Shinshu University) Bulletin of the Sinological Society of Japan No.50, 1998 Northern Sung Dynasty: Landscape Painting Influences Essay -- Art Hist " This was the standard, which lasted until the Tang dynasty (618-907). During the Five Dynasties (907-960), between the ninth and tenth centuries, the trend of using ink to express ideas slowly took over the use of colors in the mainstream of Chinese landscape paintings. In other words, the tradition of using colors and the use of ink each lasted for one thousand years. Yet the emphasis on using colors actually lasted a little longer. This is because the tradition of color painting did not end even during the height of monochrome ink painting. While colors form the central elements in Tang paintings, beginning in the Five Dynasties period, ink played a dominant role. During the Song dynasty (960-1279), colors became important for a short period during the end of the Northern Song (960-1127). Usami notes that all paintings require forms. In the history of the Chinese theory of painting, however, the principal focus was a concern not with form, but with 'something beyond form'. (Usami, 1998) Chinese thinkers generally conceived of form in terms of a process of 'becoming solid'. But in the artistic production of 'chaotic forms', Chinese painting actually came more closely to resemble the processes of creation and change in nature. Thus painters themselves offered a visual interpretation of the creative act that differed radically from that formulated in the philosophical discourse of concepts and words. Mi Fu a southern Song Literati painter however, interpreted the phrase 'bamboo in mind' as a statement concerned solely with that, which existed in the mind. The form achieved in the painting thus came to be understood not as derived from the real world, but as originating from within the painter. This liberation of form from an ... ...ly Chinese Landscape Painting, (Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies) , Vol. 18, No. 3/4 (Dec., 1955), pp. 422-446, Harvard-Yenching Institute http://www.jstor.org/stable/2718439 Sullivan, Michael. â€Å"The Arts of China† Berkeley : University of California Press. 2008 5th ed. Sullivan, Michael. â€Å"Chinese landscape Painting† Berkeley: University of California Press,1980 Usami, Bunri, â€Å"A summary of "The Problem of Form in Song Dynasty Theories of Painting" (Faculty of ArtsShinshu University) Bulletin of the Sinological Society of Japan No.50, 1998 *Usami, Bunri â€Å"A summary of "The Problem of Form in Song Dynasty Theories of Painting" (Faculty of Arts, Shinshu University) Bulletin of the Sinological Society of Japan No.50, 1998

Aaron Beam and the Health South Fraud Essay

In reference to the Aaron Beam and the HealthSouth Fraud case in our text Velasquez (2012), the following questions from the text and my answers to these questions are provided as requested. 1. Which of the â€Å"obstacles to moral behavior do you see at work in Aaron Beam’s behavior and thinking? In Scrushy’s? The obstacles I see in Aaron Beam’s behavior are â€Å"Rationalizing Our Actions and Displacement of Responsibility†. Rationalizing his actions is supported by comments he made in reference to the actions he had or was about to take in supporting his employer. Aaron Beam stated in Velasquez (2012), â€Å"He described the move to himself as aggressive accounting but definitely not fraudulent† (p 68). In the continual cooking of the books, each time Beam was press or directed by Scrushy to do so. Aaron Beam possibly considers that to be his get out of jail free card, by pointing the finger back at his employer, as displacement of his responsib ility. We see clearly what he was thinking in Velasquez (2012), as he â€Å"felt it was technically within the bounds of accounting rules and investors would be sophisticated enough to understand what was happening† (page 68). This would relate to â€Å"Biased Theories about Others†, as he believed this group of investors was sophisticated. You cannot help but think he also felt secretly an investor(s) would question their actions and bring them to account for their actions considering the situation he was in with his employer. The obstacles I see in Richard Scrushy’s behavior are â€Å"Disregarding or Distorting Harm, Euphemistic Labeling, and Rationalizing Our Actions†. In reference to â€Å"Disregarding or Distorting Harm† based on the belief he was doing a good thing by providing rehabilitation therapy to patients at lower costs than regular hospitals, one could surmise he found doing whatever it takes to succeed he would do, all on the backs of his em ployees, of which as CEO he could discredit at will. We could also, along these lines consider â€Å"Euphemistic Labeling† as he was not above lying as interpreted by the various financial reports produced to make the company look more profitable under the veil of only business. He himself would feel pressure in 1996 as they could not meet second quarter projections. He would once again ask Aaron Beam to cook the books, or the company would face financial ruin. Scrushy rationalizes this away by saying in Velasquez, (2012), â€Å"If they could just get through the quarter, then everything would be okay† (p 69). We see clearly what he was thinking as up until now he felt everything was going his way; just one more time let the dice roll. This would relate to â€Å"Biased Theories about Oneself†, as he is very confident in his abilities, so what random event could he not control, after all he was the third highest paid CEO in the America; he had to be doing it right. 2. Explain how Aaron Beam might have used the â€Å"loyal agent’s argument† to defend his actions. Do you think that Aaron Beam’s situation the â€Å"loyal agent’s argument† might have been valid? Explain. Under the â€Å"loyal agent’s argume nt† Aaron Beam’s defense would be that Scrushy had ordered him to manipulate the accounting records or more specifically the general ledgers. He was seen as reluctant to comply, but was pressured by Scrushy and a bit intimidated by him to the point at times of fear. I do not believe Aaron Beam could have actually used the â€Å"loyal agent’s argument†. The information shows Scrushy and Beam knew as stated in Velasquez (2012), â€Å"From the beginning Scrushy and Beam both knew the company had to appear profitable to satisfy investors and lenders and to later succeed in issuing and selling company stock to the public† (page 68). Therefore, Beam had to know Scrushy would be asking or ordering him to make it happen. Based on Beam’s reluctances, it could be argued he knew this to be wrong but did it anyway. 3. In terms of Kohlberg’s views on moral development, at what stage of moral development would you place Aaron Beam? Explain. At what stage would you place Richard Scrushy? In terms of Kohlberg’s views I believe Aaron Beam’s moral development would be a Level Two Stage Three. My rational for this is he knows right and wrong both conventionally and what the law says. He exhibits this by his initial reluctance to support Scruchy’s decision to manipulate the general ledgers. He also is in awe of Scruchy, and appears to want to please him as a person in authority, and shows his loyalty to after all Scruchy picked Beam to start the company with. In terms of Kohlberg’s views I believe Richard Scruchy’s moral development would be a Level One Stage Two. My rational for this is it is all about him; he is self-centered and looks at things only from his own point of view. To support this we only have to look at his life style, he has been married three times, lives extravagantly, while charitable it appears he threw money around for self-recognition. The pleasures he gains by all of this gives him reason to assume he is right in his own mind. To support this further his own employees describe him as a dictator, cult-like figure, and a great motivator. This would indicate he was resourceful in getting what he wanted by any means necessary, much like a spoiled child. Reference Velasquez, M. G. (2012). Business ethics, concepts and cases. (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Macroeconomics Living Standards

1.   Define the GDP price index.   Identify the person(s) who gave this idea. A GDP price index is a measure of the price of a specified collection of goods and services in a given year as compared to the price of an identical or highly similar collection of goods and services in a reference year. William Stanley Jevons (1835-1882) provided the earliest contribution to the development of index numbers. Later Wesley Clair Mitchell (1874-1948) contributed broader efforts to gather statistical data and improve economists' ability to assess economic well-being. 2. Define find the concept and measurement of `Business Cycles. Identify the person(s) who gave this idea. Economy normally goes through a series of cycles, of booms and depressions condition. For example, a slowing business activity may undergo revival activity which in turn results in business prosperity, prosperity then may breed economic crisis, economic crisis then leads to depression, after a long period of depression it may then go back to some revival activity which goes back to the same cycle. Business cycles could represent the most serious of economic instability. Survey data and cyclical indicators are the most effective measurements of business cycles. This would allow prediction of economic crisis for prevention purposes. The economist who contributed the most to this idea of business cycles is Wesley Clair Mitchell (1874-1948).   John Maynard Keynes formalized the analysis of business cycles. 3. Define the idea of `real interest rates’. Identify the person(s) who gave this idea. The â€Å"real interest rate† is calculated from the nominal rate of interest, adjusted for compounding, minus the inflation rate. Real interest rate is will depend primarily on the volatile inflation rates which poses some risk on borrowers and lenders. The person who gave meaning to ‘real interest rates’ was Irving Fisher (1867-1947). The increase in nominal interest rates in anticipation of inflation is even called as â€Å"Fisher Effect† because of his contribution. 4. Indicate who first advanced the modern theory of business cycles and where he taught. John Maynard Keynes contributed the most on the advancement of modern theory of business cycles. He lectured in Cambridge. References: C. MacConnell, S. Brue (2005). Economics: Principles, Problems, and Policies, 16/e. Origins of Idea (Chapter 7). Retrieved January 7, 2007 from http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072819359/student_view0/chapter7/origin_of_the_idea.html C. MacConnell, S. Brue (2005). Economics: Principles, Problems, and Policies, 16/e. Origins of Idea (Chapter 8). Retrieved January 19, 2007 from http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072819359/student_view0/chapter8/origin_of_the_idea.html

Free Essays on Group Success

Introduction WHAT IS A GROUP? According to the American Heritage Dictionary of American Language  ©, 4th edition copyright  © by the Houghton Miflin company A group is a number of individuals or things considered together because of similarities. Another definition as defined by Organisational Behaviour  ©, 2nd edition BPP Publishing copyright  © BPP Publishing Ltd. A group is a collection of three or more individuals who perceives themselves as a group, possess a common fate, and communicate with one another over time to accomplish both personal and group goals. As with the definitions we could imply that groups are formed in which members of it have a common purpose and goal, which is to work hand in hand making the job easier by aiding each other. Groups also promote understanding and cooperation within a certain area or field. Working in groups promotes a healthy corporate culture, which allows better relationship within the entire organisation. What is the reason for forming the group? There are a lot of reasons why a group is being formed, it cannot only be organisational reason but it can also be personal reasons. As with the Student Councils- it’s main reason for being is to aid students in their daily school life. Reasons for joining groups According to Walf H. Ratzburg there are a number of general tendencies why groups are formed. These could include: Similarity-attraction effect. The complementarity-of-needs hypothesis. The proximity-attraction effect. Exposure. Reciprocity. Basking in reflected glory. Similarity-attraction effect. People joined groups for the sole purpose of being with people who enjoy the same interests and likes as them. The complementarity-of-needs hypothesis. Being in a group allows you to encounter people that possess qualities that could sustain/ or fulfil ones needs. The proximity-attraction ef... Free Essays on Group Success Free Essays on Group Success Introduction WHAT IS A GROUP? According to the American Heritage Dictionary of American Language  ©, 4th edition copyright  © by the Houghton Miflin company A group is a number of individuals or things considered together because of similarities. Another definition as defined by Organisational Behaviour  ©, 2nd edition BPP Publishing copyright  © BPP Publishing Ltd. A group is a collection of three or more individuals who perceives themselves as a group, possess a common fate, and communicate with one another over time to accomplish both personal and group goals. As with the definitions we could imply that groups are formed in which members of it have a common purpose and goal, which is to work hand in hand making the job easier by aiding each other. Groups also promote understanding and cooperation within a certain area or field. Working in groups promotes a healthy corporate culture, which allows better relationship within the entire organisation. What is the reason for forming the group? There are a lot of reasons why a group is being formed, it cannot only be organisational reason but it can also be personal reasons. As with the Student Councils- it’s main reason for being is to aid students in their daily school life. Reasons for joining groups According to Walf H. Ratzburg there are a number of general tendencies why groups are formed. These could include: Similarity-attraction effect. The complementarity-of-needs hypothesis. The proximity-attraction effect. Exposure. Reciprocity. Basking in reflected glory. Similarity-attraction effect. People joined groups for the sole purpose of being with people who enjoy the same interests and likes as them. The complementarity-of-needs hypothesis. Being in a group allows you to encounter people that possess qualities that could sustain/ or fulfil ones needs. The proximity-attraction ef...

Lanthanum Facts - La Element Facts

Lanthanum Facts - La Element Facts Lanthanum is element number 57 with element symbol La. It is a soft, silver-colored, ductile metal known as the starting element for the lanthanide series. It is a rare earth element that usually displays the oxidation number of 3. While lanthanum serves no known biological role in humans and other animals, it is an essential element for some types of bacteria. Here is a collection of La element facts, along with the atomic data for lanthanum. Fast Facts: Lanthanum Element Name: LanthanumElement Symbol: LaAtomic Number: 57Appearance: Silvery white solid metalAtomic Weight: 138.905Group: Group 3Period: Period 6Block: d-block or f-blockElectron Configuration: [Xe] 5d1  6s2 Interesting Lanthanum Facts Lanthanum is a metal so soft it can be cut with a butter knife. It is highly malleable and ductile. Although the freshly cut metal is bright silver, it rapidly oxidizes or tarnishes in air.Lanthanum was discovered by Carl Mosander in 1839 in the mineral cerite. Mosander was a student of Swedish chemist Berzelius, who had discovered cerium in cerite in 1803. Mosander had suspected ceria contained more rare earth elements besides cerium. Axel Erdmann independently discovered lanthanum the same year as Mosander from a Norwegian mineral Erdmann named mosandrite, in honor of Mosander. Pure lanthanum metal was not produced until 1923 by H. Kremers and R. Stevens.Berzelius suggested the named Lanthana for the new element, which comes from the Greek word lanthano, meaning to be hidden.Natural lanthanum is a mixture of two isotopes. La-139 is stable, while La-138 is radioactive. At least 38 isotopes of the element have been produced.  Lanthanum is one of the most reactive of the rare earth elements. Its uses are somewhat limited by how readily it oxidizes. It is the strongest base of there found in hybrid cars. About 10 kg of lanthanum are needed to make one Toyota Prius ba  trivalent lanthanides. Lanthanum is used in nickel-metal hydride batteries, which attery! Lanthanum compounds may be added to pool produces to lower levels of phosphates, reducing algae growth. Lanthanum is also used as a petroleum cracking catalyst, as a steel additive, to make nodular cast iron, to make infrared absorbing glass and night vision goggles, and to make high-end camera and telescope lenses. Lanthanum oxide has a low dispersion and high refractive index.Lanthanum has no known function in human or animal nutrition. Because it is so reactive, it is considered moderately toxic. Lanthanum carbonate is used to reduce blood phosphate levels in patients with kidney disease.Like most rare earth, lanthanum is not really all that rare, just hard to isolate. Lanthanum is present at an abundance of about 32 parts per million in the Earths crust. Lanthanum is a soft, ductile silvery metal. Jurii Lanthanum Atomic Data Element Name: Lanthanum Atomic Number: 57 Symbol: La Atomic Weight: 138.9055 Discovery: Mosander 1839 Name Origin: From the Greek word lanthaneis (to lie hidden) Electron Configuration: [Xe] 5d1 6s2 Group: lanthanide Density 293 K: 6.7 g/cm3 Atomic Volume: 20.73 cm3/mol Melting Point: 1193.2 K Boiling Point: 3693 K Heat of Fusion: 6.20 kJ/mol Heat of Vaporization: 414.0 kJ/mol 1st Ionization Energy: 538.1 kJ/mole 2nd Ionization Energy: 1067 kJ/mole 3rd ionization Energy: 1850 kJ/mole Electron Affinity: 50 kJ/mole Electronegativity: 1.1 Specific Heat: 0.19 J/gK Heat Atomization: 423 kJ/mole atoms Shells: 2,8,18,18,9,2 Minimum Oxidation Number: 0 Maximum Oxidation Number: 3 Structure: hexagonal Color: silvery-white Uses: lighter flints, camera lenses, cathode ray tubes Hardness: soft, malleable, ductile Isotopes (half-life): Natural lanthanum is a mix of two isotopes, though more isotopes now exist. La-134 (6.5 minutes), La-137 (6000.0 years), La-138 (1.05E10 years), La-139 (stable), La-140 (1.67 days), La-141 (3.9 hours), La-142 (1.54 minutes) Atomic Radius: 187 pm Ionic Radius (3 ion): 117.2 pm Thermal Conductivity: 13.4 J/m-sec-deg Electrical Conductivity: 14.2 1/mohm-cm Polarizability: 31.1 A^3 Source: monazite (phosphate), bastnaesite Sources Emsley, John (2011). Natures building blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-960563-7.Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.Hammond, C. R. (2004). The Elements, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (81st ed.). CRC press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

Secret reserve accounting is likely to create conflict between Essay

Secret reserve accounting is likely to create conflict between management, shareholders and employees - Essay Example It would represent the surplus of available assets over the capital and liabilities. It is not apparent in the ledger too. Creating secret reserves is likely to strengthen the financial situation of the organisation concerned. The actual financial position and the financial position observed through the balance sheet would be different – the financial position of the company would be stronger than its apparent situation on records. As a result, conflicting inferences are likely to be obtained when it comes to secret reserve accounting. Creating secret reserves will definitely involve the management, some of the employees and the shareholders are likely to remain in dark. Secret reserve accounting will not show even under the suspense account and affect the capital flow in a concealed fashion. Undervaluation of available assets, omitting the rise in asset values, providing extra depreciation on the assets that are fixed, etc. are the methods of secret reserve accounting. In thi s context, the question is in the form of the following statement: Secret reserve accounting is likely to create conflict between management, shareholders and employees. – Critically discuss. ... After that, the various conflict scenarios between the management, shareholders and employees will be critically discussed. Last, the conclusion will be drawn with the final opinion about the research statement. Literature Review The academic literature in the context of secret reserves reveals interesting opinions and scholastic approaches. First, a view on the nature and scope of secret reserve as an accounting term should be considered. â€Å"Secret reserves – this accounting term has been made to cover a multitude of sins: whenever objection is taken to pessimistic writing off of invested values, or disproportionate charges of depreciation, or again to charges to operations or revenue, for capital expenditures which should have been applied to the increase of assets, the answer is, secret reserves.† (Esquerre, 1978) So if the owner of a corporation is creating secret reserve and implementing related accounting practices, his/her capital assets have likely been knock ed down into the pit of secret reserves and that their book value, as it stood at the time, was likely preposterous. Hence the questions in issue would be: Does the owner want to deceive the shareholders, the government, the public or his own self? Does he wish to submit to the directors, the shareholders, the banks and the public, financial statements with a mental footnote to the effect that things are not in truth what they would show on their face? And if it is well to hide the owner’s wealth from some people (in his perspective), can it be believed that anyone capable of reading balance sheets is not in a position to follow accounting facts from year to year, and to point out fluctuations in wealth not supported by the statement of income submitted, and thus unearth secret

Emotional intelligence Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Emotional intelligence - Research Paper Example With emotional intelligence, good rapport is created in the workplace and hence a guaranteed performance increase which is an indication of success in management (Groves & Vance, 2009). Emotional sensitivity is all about knowing the right thing to right depending on the situation without worsening it already. Literacy enables an understanding of the different techniques a manager can use to be able to communicate with employees. A combination of the two skills; emotional sensitivity and literacy are therefore necessary if a manager is to have an effective team of employees and be able to manage them effectively (Emmerling & Boyatzis, 2012). The dangers with the lack of the two skills above in a manager will most likely cause ineffective communication with the employees and this will definitely harm the patients who will be on the receiving end by the employees who are angry and dissatisfied and hence distracted in their duties. The nursing employees are required to be emotionally in line and pay full concentration when attending to patients and this can be determined by the manager (Codier, Muneno, Franey & Matsuura,